PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) PADA HAMA PASCAPANEN
Keywords:
Beauveria bassiana, Periode letal, Sitphilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum
Abstract
Sitophilus oryzae dan Tribolium castaneum merupakan hama primer yang menyebabkan kerusakan kuantitas dan kualitas pada bahan pangan dan olahannya di penyimpanan. Pemanfaatan patogen serangga seperti cendawan entomopatogen mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk mengendalikan hama pascapanen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana yang menyebabkan infeksi dan mortalitas pada imago S. oryzae dan T. castaneum. Aplikasi suspensi cendawan entomopatogen B. bassiana pada imago S. oryzae dan T. castaneum dengan metode pencelupan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cendawan entomopatogen B. bassiana lebih efektif menyebabkan infeksi dan mortalitas pada imago S. oryzae dibandingkan imago T. castaneum. Mortalitas pada imago S. oryzae lebih tinggi terjadi pada dengan pengenceran 10-1 sebesar 91,67%, sedangkan pada imago T. castaneum hanya mencapai 75%. Nilai LT50 pada imago S. oryzae dan T. castaneum pada pengenceran 10-1 lebih singkat yaitu 8,46 dan 9,15 hari daripada pengenceran 10-3. Cendawan entomopatogen B. bassiana memiliki kemampuan untuk mengendalikan hama S. oryzae dan T. castaneum. Informasi ini memberikan prospek yang baik bagi pengendalian hayati pada hama pascapanen lainnya di penyimpanan
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References
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AlKhoury, C., Guillot, J., & Nemer. N, 2019. Lethal activity of beauvericin, a Beauveria bassiana mycotoxin, against the two spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Applied Entomology, 143(9), 974–983.
Ali, A. & Sarwar, M. 2011. Evaluating resistance of wheat germplasms to attack by red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 43, 793–797.
Annisa, M., Hendrival, & Khaidir. 2021. Evaluasi ketahanan beras lokal provinsi Sumatera Barat terhadap hama Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 9(3), 543–552.
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Astuti, L.P., Rizali, A., Firnanda, R. & Widjayanti, T. 2020. Physical and chemical properties of flour products affect the development of Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Stored Products Research, 86, 101555.
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Hendrival, Latifah, Saputra, D. & Orina. 2016. Kerentanan jenis tepung terhadap infestasi kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Jurnal Agrikultura, 27(3), 148–153.
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Hendrival, Ninggsih, M.S., Maryati, Putri, C.N., & Nasrianti. 2017. Sinergisme serbuk daun Ageratum conyzoides, rimpang Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 10 (2), 101–109.
Hendrival, Ningsih, M.S., Chodiron, & Wismawati, A. 2017. Toksisitas insektisida nabati dari Famili Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, dan Euphorbiaceae terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Jurnal Biosains, 3(1), 1–8.
Hendrival & Amanda, R. 2019. Kerentanan relatif tepung sorgum terhadap kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). AGRIN: Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian, 23(2), 122–131.
Hendrival, Khaidir, & Nurhasanah. 2019. Pertumbuhan populasi Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) dan karakteristik kehilangan bobot pada beras. Jurnal Agrista, 23(2), 64–75.
Hendrival, Putra, R.L., & Aryani, D.S. 2019. Susceptibility of sorghum cultivars to Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during storage. Planta Tropika: Journal of Agro Science, 7(2), 110–116.
Hendrival, & Rangkuti, R.R. 2020. Interaksi antar spesies hama pascapanen pada gandum. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 136–145.
Hendrival, Maulida, A., Julianti, & Khaidir. 2022. Klasifikasi kerentanan tepung beras dan jagung terhadap hama kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 7(1), 19–25.
Hendrival, Khairunnisa, R., & Munauwar, M.M. 2022. Variasi kerentanan dan kerusakan serealia setelah infestasi hama kumbang bubuk (Sitophilus oryzae L.) berdasarkan kadar air. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 73–84.
Hendrival, Sitompul, S., & Z. Wirda. 2022. Interaksi antara Sitophilus oryzae (L.) dan Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) terhadap pertumbuhan populasi dan kerusakan sorgum. Biofarm: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 18(2), 134–141.
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Jaber, L.R. & Ownley, B.H. 2018. Can we use entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes for dual biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens? Biological Control, 116, 36–45.
Kavallieratos, N.G., Athanassiou, C.G., Aountala, M.M., & Kontodimas, D.C. 2014. Evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for control of Sitophilus oryzae. Journal of Food Protection, 1, 4–17.
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Nasution, H.F., Hendrival, Hafifah, Munauwar, M.M., & Nurdin, M.Y. 2022. Karakteristik dimensi beras lokal Propinsi Sumatera Utara dan kajian kerentanannya terhadap Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ziraa'ah: Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian, 47(2), 267–278.
Okpile, C., Zakka, U., & Nwosu, L.C. 2021. Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 45(2), 2−10.
Perkin, L.C. & Oppert, B. 2019. Gene expression in Tribolium castaneum life stages: Identifying a species-specific target for pest control applications. PeerJ, 7, e6946.
Petlamul, W. & Prasertsan, P. 2012. Evaluation of strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Spodoptera litura on the basis of their virulence, germination rate, conidia, production, radial growth and enzyme activity. Mycrobiology, 40(2), 111–116.
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Raya, Y.A.A., Swibawa, I.G., & Indriyati. 2014. Uji patogenisitas jamur Beauveria bassiana yang diisolasi dari Hypothenemus hampei pada Sitophilus oryzae di tingkat laboratorium. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 2(1), 115–118.
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Afifah, L., Afifah, D.M., Surjana, T., Kurniati, A., & Maryana, R. 2022. Produksi cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana menggunakan substrat kaya pati dan infektifitasnya terhadap Tribolium castaneum. Jurnal Ilmu Dasar, 23(2), 139–148
AlKhoury, C., Guillot, J., & Nemer. N, 2019. Lethal activity of beauvericin, a Beauveria bassiana mycotoxin, against the two spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Applied Entomology, 143(9), 974–983.
Ali, A. & Sarwar, M. 2011. Evaluating resistance of wheat germplasms to attack by red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 43, 793–797.
Annisa, M., Hendrival, & Khaidir. 2021. Evaluasi ketahanan beras lokal provinsi Sumatera Barat terhadap hama Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 9(3), 543–552.
Artia, I.J., Mutiara, D., & Novianti, D. 2022. Uji mortalitas kumbang beras (Sitophilus oryzae) dengan pengendalian hayati jamur Beauveria bassiana. Jurnal Indobiosains, 4(1), 9–14.
Astuti, L.P., Rizali, A., Firnanda, R. & Widjayanti, T. 2020. Physical and chemical properties of flour products affect the development of Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Stored Products Research, 86, 101555.
Attia, M.A., Wahba, T.F., Mackled, M.I., & Shawir, M.S. 2017. Resistance status and associated resistance mechanisms to certain insecticides in rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 62(4), 331–340.
Bayu, M.S.Y.I., Prayogo, Y., & Indiati, S.W. 2021. Beauveria Bassiana: biopestisida ramah lingkungan dan efektif untuk mengendalikan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Buletin Palawija, 19(1), 41–63.
Behie, S.W., Jones, S.J., & Bidochka, M.J. 2015. Plant tissue localization of the endophytic insect pathogenic fungi Metarhizium and Beauveria. Fungal Ecology, 13, 112–119.
Campbell, J.F., Toews, M.D., Arthur, F.H., & Arbogast, R.T. 2010. Long-term monitoring of Tribolium castaneum in two flour mills: Seasonal patterns and impact of fumigation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, 991–1001.
Candrasekharan, K. & Nataraju, B. 2011. Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) infection during ecdysis of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombyxcidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology Journal, 6, 312–316.
Dannon, H.F., Dannon, A.E., Douro-Kpindou, O.K., Zinsou, A.V., Houndete, A.T., Toffa-Mehinto, J., Elegbede, I.A.T.M., Olou, B.D., & Tamo, M. 2020. Toward the efficient use of Beauveria bassiana in integrated cotton insect pest management. Journal of Cotton Research, 3(1), 1–21.
Donahaye, E.J. 2000. Current status of non-residual control methods against stored product pests. Crop Protection, 19, 571–576.
El-Desouky, T.A., Elbadawy, S.S., Hussain, H.B.H., & Hassan, N.A. 2018. Impact of insect densities Tribolium castaneum on the benzoquinone secretions and aflatoxins levels in wheat flour during storage periods. The Open Biotechnology Journal, 12, 104–111.
Gerken, A.R. & Campbell, J.F. 2020. Oviposition and development of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on different types of flour. Agronomy, 10(10), 1593.
Golshan, H., Saber, M., Majidi-Shilsar, F., Karimi, F., & Ebadi, A.A. 2014. Laboratory evaluation of Beauveria bassiana isolates on red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and their characterization by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 16, 747–758.
Gvozdenac, S., Tanasković, S., Vukajlović, F., Prvulović, D., Ovuka, J., Višacki, V., & Sedlar, A. 2020. Host and ovipositional preference of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) depending on feeding experience. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(5), 6663–6673.
Hendrival & Muetia, R. 2016. Pengaruh periode penyimpanan beras terhadap pertumbuhan populasi Sitophilus oryzae (L.) dan kerusakan beras. Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 4(2), 95–101.
Hendrival, Latifah, Saputra, D. & Orina. 2016. Kerentanan jenis tepung terhadap infestasi kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Jurnal Agrikultura, 27(3), 148–153.
Hendrival & Mayasari, E. 2017 Kerentanan dan kerusakan beras terhadap serangan hama pascapanen Sitophilus zeamais L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Jurnal Agro, 4(2), 68–79.
Hendrival, Ninggsih, M.S., Maryati, Putri, C.N., & Nasrianti. 2017. Sinergisme serbuk daun Ageratum conyzoides, rimpang Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 10 (2), 101–109.
Hendrival, Ningsih, M.S., Chodiron, & Wismawati, A. 2017. Toksisitas insektisida nabati dari Famili Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, dan Euphorbiaceae terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Jurnal Biosains, 3(1), 1–8.
Hendrival & Amanda, R. 2019. Kerentanan relatif tepung sorgum terhadap kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). AGRIN: Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian, 23(2), 122–131.
Hendrival, Khaidir, & Nurhasanah. 2019. Pertumbuhan populasi Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) dan karakteristik kehilangan bobot pada beras. Jurnal Agrista, 23(2), 64–75.
Hendrival, Putra, R.L., & Aryani, D.S. 2019. Susceptibility of sorghum cultivars to Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during storage. Planta Tropika: Journal of Agro Science, 7(2), 110–116.
Hendrival, & Rangkuti, R.R. 2020. Interaksi antar spesies hama pascapanen pada gandum. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 136–145.
Hendrival, Maulida, A., Julianti, & Khaidir. 2022. Klasifikasi kerentanan tepung beras dan jagung terhadap hama kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 7(1), 19–25.
Hendrival, Khairunnisa, R., & Munauwar, M.M. 2022. Variasi kerentanan dan kerusakan serealia setelah infestasi hama kumbang bubuk (Sitophilus oryzae L.) berdasarkan kadar air. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 73–84.
Hendrival, Sitompul, S., & Z. Wirda. 2022. Interaksi antara Sitophilus oryzae (L.) dan Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) terhadap pertumbuhan populasi dan kerusakan sorgum. Biofarm: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 18(2), 134–141.
Hong, K.J., Lee, W., Park, Y.J., & Yang, J.O. 2018. First confirmation of the distribution of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, in South Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 11(1), 69–75.
Jaber, L.R. & Ownley, B.H. 2018. Can we use entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes for dual biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens? Biological Control, 116, 36–45.
Kavallieratos, N.G., Athanassiou, C.G., Aountala, M.M., & Kontodimas, D.C. 2014. Evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for control of Sitophilus oryzae. Journal of Food Protection, 1, 4–17.
Kayode, O.Y., Adedire, C.O., & Akinkurolere, R.O. 2014. Influence of four cereal flours on the growth of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Ife Journal of Science, 16(3), 505–516.
Keswani, C., Singh, S.P., & Singh, H.B. 2013. Beauveria bassiana: status, mode of action, applications and safety issues. Biotech Today: An International Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(1), 16–19.
Khashaveh, A., Ghosta, Y., Safaralizadeh, M.H., & Ziaee, M. 2011. The use of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in assays with storage grain beetles Journal Agricultural Science and Technology, 13(1), 35–43.
Mantzoukas, S., Kitsiou, F., Natsiopoulos, D., & Eliopoulos, P.A. 2022. Entomopathogenic fungi: interactions and applications. Encyclopedia, 2, 646–656
McKay, T., Bowombe-Toko, M.P., Starkus, L.A., Arthur, F.H., & Campbell, J.F. 2019. Monitoring of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in rice mills using pheromone-baited traps. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112, 1454–1462
Mehta, V., & Kumar, S. 2020. Relative susceptibility and influence of different wheat cultivars on biological parameters of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 41, 653–661.
Musa, A & Lawal, T. 2013. Proximate composition of ten types of biscuits and their susceptibility to Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Tenebrionidae: Bostrichidae) in Nigeria. Food Science and Quality Management, 14, 33–40.
Nasution, H.F., Hendrival, Hafifah, Munauwar, M.M., & Nurdin, M.Y. 2022. Karakteristik dimensi beras lokal Propinsi Sumatera Utara dan kajian kerentanannya terhadap Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ziraa'ah: Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian, 47(2), 267–278.
Okpile, C., Zakka, U., & Nwosu, L.C. 2021. Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 45(2), 2−10.
Perkin, L.C. & Oppert, B. 2019. Gene expression in Tribolium castaneum life stages: Identifying a species-specific target for pest control applications. PeerJ, 7, e6946.
Petlamul, W. & Prasertsan, P. 2012. Evaluation of strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Spodoptera litura on the basis of their virulence, germination rate, conidia, production, radial growth and enzyme activity. Mycrobiology, 40(2), 111–116.
Rani, P.U. 2012. Fumigant and contact toxic potential of essential oils from plant extracts against stored product pests. Journal of Biopesticides, 5(2), 120–128.
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